主動句英文是active sentence,就是之前介紹過的SVO句型。例如:I ate an apple yesterday.(昨天我吃了一個蘋果。) Subject是I,動詞是ate,那蘋果呢?是object。Yesterday(昨天)只是告訴你時間而已。
如何將這句變成被動句?簡單的rule,記住喔。將句子裡的Subject跟Object換位置就好了,當然,動詞也要轉換成被動態。按照這個規則,I ate an apple yesterday 的 passive就是 An apple was eaten by me yesterday.
(Object) (verb) (prep) (subject) (temporal noun)
注意:動詞是was eaten,因為這是被動詞的動態。還要加一個preposition,然後,“我”的subjective form是 I,objective form 是me。大家一定要清楚。
不是所有英文動詞都可以變成被動態的。只有transitive verb跟ditransitive verb 可以。Transitive verb就是及物動詞,就是說,一個動詞後面一定要有一個noun作為object,這個句子才完整。Ditransitive verb,就是動詞後面可以帶兩個objects,一個是direct object,一個是indirect object。看看這個例子:
Active: Tom gave Mary a book.
(S) (V) (DO) (IO)
Passive: A book was given to Mary by Tom.
感受一下這兩句的分別吧。套用我之前講的規則,以後你就不會錯了。
如果動詞是intransitive verb(不及物動詞),句子就不可以變成為被動句。如果你想講你昨天哭過,就會寫: I cried yesterday. 你不可以寫:*something was cried by me yesterday.這個是語法上不允許的。只有transitive或是ditransitive verbs才可以進行passivization!
Active: Tom gave Mary a book.
(S) (V) (DO) (IO)
Passive: A book was given to Mary by Tom.
感受一下這兩句的分別吧。套用我之前講的規則,以後你就不會錯了。
如果動詞是intransitive verb(不及物動詞),句子就不可以變成為被動句。如果你想講你昨天哭過,就會寫: I cried yesterday. 你不可以寫:*something was cried by me yesterday.這個是語法上不允許的。只有transitive或是ditransitive verbs才可以進行passivization!